Study the diagram and see whether you can see possible relationships between the different variables listed in columns A to F. In discussing this we start at the centre, columns D and E, then move to the right (column F) before coming back to columns A to C. The livelihood strategies and activities of poor people are often complex and diverse. We need to start thinking very quickly about putting in place a tripartite safety net, which will complement the increased flexibility in the employment contract without placing an undue burden on individual employers. The objective of those wishing to promote sustainable livelihoods is to minimise trade-offs of the sort discussed above and to maximise complementarities. How do we go about achieving this? LECTURE 3: LIVELIHOOD AND RURAL DIVERSIFICATION October 28, 2015 2. Livelihood in Iran’s rural areas, as elsewhere in the developing world, is highly intertwined with the harvesting of environmental resources, leading to severe environmental degradation. This framework emphasizes how people use a range of assets (natural, physical, social, human, and financial capitals)—sometimes conceptualized in the literature as “strengths” (Moser et al. Carney (ed)., 1998; Scoones, 1998). Socio-economic Data, Livelihood Profiles. Component 2: Livelihood Improvement and Diversification: will enhance Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Production Systems. The livelihoods framework provides a tool for analysing people's livelihoods and the impact of specific threats or shocks on livelihood vulnerability. NUSAF 2 (WFP) consists of three main components: i) a Public Works Programme, ii) a Household Income Support Programme, and iii) institutional development. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from the stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future without undermining the natural resource base (Chambers & Conway). livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (stores, resources, claims and access) and activities required for a means of living: a livelihood is sustainable which can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets, and provide sustainable livelihood opportunities for the next generation; and achieve the project sub-component goal on livelihood security. The framework shows how, in different contexts, sustainable livelihoods are achieved through access to a range of livelihood resources (natural, economic, human and social capitals) which are combined in the pursuit of different livelihood strategies (agricultural intensification or extensification, livelihood diversification and migration). (Remarks made in the ASSOCHAM Livelihoods Security Summit on November 3, 2014). The sustainable livelihoods framework helps to organize the factors that constrain or enhance livelihood op-portunities and shows how they relate to one another. A central notion is that different households have differ-ent access livelihood assets, which the sustainable livelihood approach aims to expand. Final Report: In-depth Assessment of Livelihood Component Final Report In-Depth Assessment of Livelihood Component Submitted to: Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) Plot 14, Street 12, Mauve Area, Sector G-8/1 Islamabad August, 2018 World in Consulting (Private) Limited Park Road Chatha Bakhtawar Islamabad, Pakistan T: +92 (0) 51 232 1228 Info@WorldinConsulting.com … 1.2 Livelihood approaches in fragile contexts 8 1.3 Motivation and methodology 9 2 Somalia case study 10 2 ... the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) 2015–2030 and the Paris Climate Agreement. 3.1 The sustainable livelihoods framework. The SLF was integrated in its program for development cooperation in 1997. I want to put forward a few facts to provide a backdrop for my approach to the issue of livelihood security. The livelihoods framework is a way of looking at the complexity of people's livelihoods, especially the livelihoods of the poor, whether they be rural or urban. This constitutes their diversified livelihood portfolio. They are also something people invest in so as to increase future flows of income/consumption. The objective of this study was to determine the livelihood strategies and the coping mechanisms used by rural households in Abela Lida PA, Shebedino district, Southern Ethiopia. The third component of the livelihood security framework is a safety net. One can examine strategies from the perspective of an individual or from the perspective of a household, although, as we shall see later, there are problems with treating the 'household' as a unified decision-making unit pursuing a joint strategy with common goals. 2.6 The Sustainable Rural Livelihoods Framework (1998) 9 2.7 Natural Resources Department’s SLA initiative 10 2.8 Inter-agency working 12 2.9 Late 1990s research connecting the macro and micro 12 2.10 The 2000 White Paper 13 3 The Key Research/Policy/Practice Interactions … Then, we have introduced the concept of ‘system’ before describing the SL framework. An economy whose competitive strength is based on the low cost of labour will inevitably find this strength being eroded if the employer is asked to pay the wage plus the entire cost of the safety net. Livelihood and rural development 1. The rapid expansion of appropriately skilled people was, and remains, a key policy objective. It recommends a generic ‘nested’ sampling approach, and gives guidance on a range of data collection methods. In this context, the recent legislative reforms carried out by the government of Rajasthan are a potential breakthrough. Analyses of these components are important to examine the rural livelihood status and sustainable livelihood … They can also influence livelihood strategies in a slightly less direct way, when people, anticipating the potential impact of trends and shocks, design their livelihood strategies in a way that helps them manage their exposure to sudden or gradual change and cope better with the potentially harmful effects of such change. For rural people, agriculture and other natural resource-based activities may play an important role, but rural households also diversify into other activities, some of which are linked to agriculture and the natural resources sector, others which are not. FIGURE 1: Common components of resilience definitions 3 FIGURE 2: Measurement at scales 7 FIGURE 3: Use of livelihood capitals 15 FIGURE 4: Use of resilience capacities in frameworks 26 FIGURE 5 Use of capacities 33 FIGURE 6: Use of livelihood capitals 35 BOXES BOX … For example, better access to environmental capital may improve access to financial capital and physical capital; and greater income stability and lower risk may lead to higher aggregate income in the long term by reducing the probability of having to sell off productive assets in times of crisis, or by enhancing the returns to individual assets. They represent, respectively, gradual and sudden change (have another look at the diagram above to see what these are). Post was not sent - check your email addresses! This information includes: 1. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Finally, they can increase people's power and influence. These facts led us to adopt the livelihood conceptual framework, which was implemented using a rural household database1, in ... Each capital comprises various components that are difficult to measure and aggregate. A livelihood is said to be sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks to maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future. It seeks to understand the various dimensions of a person's livelihood; the strategies and objectives pursued, and associated opportunities and constraints. First, about half of the country’s workforce is primarily employed in agriculture, typically an environment with relatively high income volatility and uncertainty. They can increase access to information and reduce transactions costs. I believe that the skills dimension of livelihood security must take into account the fact that skilling is not a one-time process; rather, it is a life-cycle process, which must engage with large numbers of people over the 30 or 40 years of their working life. There are various ways of conceptualising the components of a livelihood and the influences upon it, and you may encounter various slightly different diagrammatic representations of these variables and their interconnections. Of course, this is not the complete answer. I will return to this point later. The paper proposes that livelihood strategies that include diversification and risk-spreading behaviour have been common features of inshore fishing in Europe, just as they are in low-income countries in the tropics. Within the livelihood component, this report only covers the aspects … • Country Programming Framework (CPF): Regarding the FAO and the Senegalese government’s collaboration priorities for the 2013-2017 period (Country Programming Framework), the project will support the priority area 1, namely by improving the productivity and competitivity of agricultural products through Output 1. We shall look more at these ideas in Section 3. Thus while the conceptual framework may not explain all the cross-contextual variations, it … Livelihood Field Officers (2) OVERALL MISSION. Livelihood Analysis Framework 6 5. According to the DFID Framework, the basic components of livelihoods can be summarised in terms of the livelihood resources that people have (tangible and intangible stocks and assets), the livelihood strategies that people pursue (agriculture, wage labour, trade) and the livelihood outcomes (the living that results from their activities) that they achieve. The livelihood strategies and activities of poor people are often complex and diverse. Earlier, I said that, while more flexible hire-and-fire rules will provide an incentive to employers to hire more workers under a formal contracting arrangement, it is not consistent with security. These fluctuations are often dramatic and can profoundly affect livelihood security (Devereux et al 2011) People's livelihood strategies are designed, where possible, to reduce seasonal income fluctuations and the associated vulnerability. Principal of livelihood • People-centred: beginning by understanding peoples’ priorities and livelihood strategies. Let me briefly lay out the key issues in each of these. By … Vulnerability context 2. Ngura (country) 2. Let me begin by expressing my appreciation for ASSOCHAM’s initiatives in furthering debate and understanding on the very critical issue of livelihoods. • Responsive and participatory: responding to the expressed priorities of … The basic problem with permanent employment is that it loads the entire cost of the safety net on to the employer. 2.3 Development of Sampling Framework ... livelihood component although community physical infrastructure component of the programme is strongly complimenting LEP component. Assets in this framework include: human capital (the education, skills and health of household FIGURE 6: Use of livelihood capitals 35 BOXES BOX 1: Six principles for shock measurement 4 BOX 2: Operationalizing resilience with Oxfam 10 BOX 3: RIMA-II 12 BOX 4: FSIN Technical Working Group (TWG) Resilience Measurement Integrated Framework 16 BOX 5: … In this case development is the improvement of livelihood sustainability, perhaps by making capital less vulnerable or by enhancing the contributions that some capitals can make or even by improving the institutional context. ii. These outcomes can be based on normative standards (e.g. In each of these, there are clear signs of forward movement, but other issues, which are not yet in the focus of the policy debate, need to be brought quickly into consideration as well. Note also that trends in a community or country may be made up increasing or decreasing shocks affecting individual people or livelihoods (for example increasing morbidity and mortality from HIV/AIDS may be a trend in a country but the onset of HIV/AIDS is a shock to those directly affected by it). A revised definition of a sustainable livelihood, and a revised framework were then developed which were more appropriate for this research. The NGOs who will be selected as implementing partners will have options to facilitate the communities within this livelihood framework. An important influence on livelihood strategies is exposure to various trends and shocks. Components of the livelihoods framework As livelihoods are determined by multiple factors, a combination of different types of information is needed to understand them. • Sheets 4.5–4.6 provide more detail on rapid and participatory methods and sample surveys. Strategies may include subsistence production or production for the market, participation in labour markets or labouring in the home. Let me conclude by re-emphasizing the proposition that livelihood security must be given a central place in the overall strategy for economic development. 2.2.1 A framework for micro policy analysis of rural livelihoods. A strength of sustainable livelihoods theory, and the related frameworks, is that the theory embraces flexibility, and could thus be adapted to incorporate cultural aspects in this way. The objective and Importance of sustainable livelihood framework is to increase people control of their natural resources, build reliable and fair access to food. DFID's SL framework lists five 'categories' of livelihood outcomes: (1) more income, (2) increased well-being, (3) reduced vulnerability, (4) improved food security, (5) more sustainable use of the natural resource base. Observations & Analysis 9 Human Capital 17 Social Capital Natural Capital Physical Capital Financial Capital Market Analysis 10 22 26 27 30 10. The sustainable livelihoods framework in 3.1.1 is an effort to conceptualise livelihoods in a holistic way, capturing the many complexities of livelihoods, and the constraints and opportunities that they are subjected to. Secure livelihoods for all its citizens should indeed be a policy priority for any government. security. Income level is obviously important to people, but to poor people income stability and risk avoidance may be as important, if not more so. are normally adaptive responses to changes in six. The theme for this seminar addresses a very important aspect of an overall strategy, i.e. Key variables were identified and index values were calculated for … governmental ideals); • economic (increased perceived needs, changes in. Livelihood outcomes. Livelihood assessment tools This chapter presents livelihood analysis concepts, and provides an operational model for livelihood analysis in the context of wetland systems. 8-9) or 'policies, institutions and processes' (a more recent classification). The principles and relationships described in this conceptual framework are by necessity general as the purpose here is to create a framework that is broadly applicable across contexts. We need to shift large numbers of people out of agriculture into relatively more stable employment situations, we need to rapidly increase the share of people employed in the organized sector and we need to give people who are self-employed at tiny scales opportunities to work in larger and less risky organizations. The three components of livelihood security: jobs, skills and safety nets ASSOCHAM Livelihoods Security Summit Subir Gokarn Friday, November 7, 2014 If we are to expand coverage to workers in manufacturing and services, clearly, public funding will not be enough. Shocks, such as those associated with the triple-f crisis (see Section 1.3) can wipe out assets very suddenly if they are not protected and adverse trends can result in them being gradually eroded if livelihoods are unable to adapt to change. • Sheets 4.1–4.4 examine the process of livelihoods analysis and provide an introduction to a range of common tools. Tjikurrpa (belief system, philosophy, lore) 1. We already have a safety net in place for rural workers with the explicit objective of livelihood security in the form of the NREGS. A central notion is that different households have differ- ent access livelihood assets, which the sustainable livelihood approach aims to expand. The Project elements in LFA are recorded and presented according to a matrix format. Time Frame of the Study 6 7 7. The livelihoods framework offers a conceptualisation that can help outsiders work together with the poor to identify the priorities of the poor and associated opportunities and constraints. For rural people, agriculture and other natural resource-based activities may play an important role, but rural households also diversify into other activities, some of which are linked to agriculture and the natural resources sector, others which are not. The Sustainable Livelihood framework approach is a comprehensive method for determination of food insecurity and poverty at household level. In the livelihoods framework, assets are conventionally divided into the following. A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets and activities required for a means of living (Chambers & Conway 1988). What we must do is to find the most efficient way to finance it. Social capital relates to the formal and informal social resources that people draw upon in pursuit of their livelihoods. nutritional status) or on criteria identified by the communities. Guidance for the Brookings community and the public on our response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) », Learn more from Brookings scholars about the global response to coronavirus (COVID-19) ». framework for sustainable livelihood practices based on desert social, cultural, institutional and ecological principles. From a livelihood security perspective, re-skilling must become a critical component of the skills strategy. Indigenous Areas of Responsibility Yankunytjatjara elder - Bob Randall Kanyini – Four Principles. In addition to the biophysical data, a focus of the database framework lies also on the human side of climate change impacts and the consequent needs and options for adaptation. Component 2: Livelihood Improvement and Diversification: will enhance Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Production Systems. Some sub-components such as the ‘average agricultural livelihood diversity index’ were created because an increase in the crude indicator, in this case, the number of livelihood activities undertaken by a household, was assumed to decrease vulnerability. Time to pivot: The role of the energy transition and investors in forging resilient resource-rich country outcomes, Employment creation potential, labor skills requirements, and skill gaps for young people: A South African case study, Renewing US global engagement in a changed world. and examines its potential as a framework to guide policy and management in the inshore fisheries of northern Europe. On the whole, the more assets someone has the less vulnerable they are to various shocks and trends. 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